History Matching

Response Surface Methodology

One way to reduce the CPU load in the optimization is to use response surfaces as proxies to the true reservoir model response. The response surface approximates a response (such as an objective function, or oil production rate at a particular time), and is usually a polynomial equation, splines, kriged surface, or a combination of polynomial equations and kriging. Response surfaces require a set of initial model responses (often called "scoping runs") to determine the form of the equation, and is occasionally updated whenever new model responses are evaluated.

Parameterization in Reservoir Model Workflows

Parameter Values vs Functions

There are in general two types of input parameters in reservoir models (geomodels and flow models):

Single value (deterministic) parameters. Typical examples are oil-water contact, fault transmissibilities, and bubble point pressure.
- These examples represent continuous values, but they also may be discrete. See the discussion below on Continuous vs Discrete Parameters.
Parameter functions, which are often stochastic functions found in geostatistics.
- These functions describe proper

Objective Function

Traditionally, history matching has been posed as an optimization problem. In this approach, the mismatch of simulated to historical data is quantified by an objective function, and the optimization method attempts to minimize the value of the objective function.

Pre-History Match Screening of the Prior Model

History matching is tremendously time-consuming for the reservoir engineer. And, without question, a great deal of effort by reservoir engineers has been expended trying to history match models where there have been faulty or incorrect assumptions and interpretations input into the model. Ideally, these assumptions and interpretations, which we denote as the "prior model", should be test before launching into the time-consuming history matching process.

History Matching Reservoir Flow Simulations

studioSL offers a unique simulation history matching solution to reservoir engineers and geoscientists with workflows ranging from screening, diagnosis, to assisted history matching. In particular, our HM workflow is specifically designed for well-level matching by modifying grid-based properties at the inter-well level. For million cell models with 100's of wells, this workflow is one of the few practi

History Matching Solutions

History matching solutions page

Streamline-based History Matching

What is History Matching?

History matching is the process of building one or more sets of numerical models (representing a reservoir) which account for observed, measured data. During any kind of model calibration process such as this, it is important to note that:

Classical Approaches to History Matching

History Matching Methods - Overview

One way of classifying history matching methods is in terms of how the particular methods explore the parameter space versus exploit local regions of the parameter space to find a minimum value of the objective function.

History Matching in Metric Space

An extremely useful aspect of MDS is that we can visualize the location of the true reservoir (yellow "cross" in the figure below) and compare it to the set of reservoir models in space. This comparison is useful for pre-history match screening.

Streamsim/Stanford History Matching JIP

Description: Joint Industry Project for History Matching

To act as a technology transfer vehicule for advanced history matching algorithms, developed by extensive research by Stanford and Streamsim, and delivered to the JIP sponsor companies in the form of usable software for reservoir engineers.