When And Why To Use Streamlines

Streamline simulation is ideally suited for modeling large, geologically heterogeneous, multi-well systems where production is principally dominated by advection. Conversely, streamlines are not well suited for situations where capillary crossflow, transverse diffusion, or counter-current flow are important and first-order production mechanisms.

Streamline simulation is therefore exploited for modeling production from brown fields undergoing waterflooding, WAG, and/or EOR injection using some sort of pattern arrangement. Note however, that in the context of streamline simulation a pattern simply means that the flood is operated at approximately a voidage replacement ratio of one.

The following is a list of reservoir engineering applications where streamlines have shown to be effective.

1. Production Surveillance
   Quickly identifying and quantifying injector/producer connectivity (well allocation factors) in brown fields is essential for proactive reservoir management. Use studioSL to quickly import production data and well locations from common databases such as OFM or geoSCOUT to estimate well allocation factors in the field. Because a surveillance model is not a simulation model, but simply a connectivity map it is computationally light. But it cannot be used for forecasting purposes. See here for more information.
2. Pattern Flooding
   Streamlines identify injector producer pairs that result from the distribution of injection/production volumes across the field and the geological description given as input. It is therefore possible to quantify the efficiency of injector/producer pairs and determine the displacements efficiency on a per-pattern basis. See here for more information.
3. Waterflood/Sweep Optimization
   With data known on a per-patterns basis, it is possible to optimize and pro-actively manage reservoirs on an individual pattern basis. This is a key distinguishing factor of streamline simulation. See floodOPT for a heuristic solution to manage floods using streamline data.
4. Screening of Models
   Streamline-based reservoir simulation is ideal for screening large sets of models because of the efficiency in modeling the transport equations. For example, for heterogeneous systems where geological connectivity is a key input parameter, screening using an incompressible waterflood can be a good proxy for more complex displacements. See Sensitivity & Ranking for ways to analyze large sets of runs.
5. History Matching
   Streamline-based history matching is makes use of data provided by the streamlines, such as  reservoir volumes "seen" by the various wells and breakthrough times of individual streamlines. This in turn allows to selectively modify geological/flow parameters for history matching purposes. It is a powerful technique to allow well-level history matching effectively. Streamline-based history matching has been a major focus of research at Streamsim. See here for info.